Gear-wheel.



H. HESS.

GEAR WHEEL. APPLGATIoN FILED MAB.10,1911.

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H. HESS.

GEAR WHEEL.

APPLIGATIoN FILED MAR Patented J an. 27, 1914.

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, which will appear hereinafter, my gear is l the silent qualities desired, whereas of the United States,

is a specification, reference being had there- 4UNITED sTATEs PATENT Patented serial No. 613,632.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application led March 10, 1911.

Jan. 27, 1914.

To all whom z't may concern l Be it known that I, HENRY Hass, a citizen residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in GearlVheels' and the like, of which the following assemblage of laminas of equal sizel and then throu h' excessive endwis'e pressure causing t-he so ter or non-metallic laminas to Hatten out and expand so as' to' s'tandqfarther .out he gear surface than the metallic laminae, in which condition the arts are permanently united and held together to form a unitary whole, possessing the advantageous qualities recited.

I will first describe one embodiment of my improvements and will then point out -th'e novel features in the claims.

In the drawings forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a sheet or strip of material half in section', half in full view, said material being built up of different substancesl and capable of having blanks stamped therefrom. Fig. l represents in section another form of built-up sheet from which blanks may be produced, this having lamin to the numberof five, whereas the sheet in Fig. 1 is shown as having laminas to the number of thirty. Fig. 2 represents a blank in face view such as may be stamped or cut from a sheet of material such as shown in Figs.- 1 and la. Fig. 3 represents an end or face view of a complete gear made up of blanks, end plates, bolts, etc. Fig. 4 represents an enlarged corner seen in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a central cross-sectio-n of the gear shown in Fig. 3 after compression has 'been applied and the bolts tightened up.

Similar letters responding parts the drawings.

Referring first to Figs. 3 and 5, a gear 1n to the' accompanying drawing. l

y invention relates to' gears or analogous machine elements such as pinions, worms or certain cams where there is av rolling contact or similar action.

Particularly myinvention relates to the mode of constructingyo'r building up such gear or analogous element and to the composite element so produced.

Among the objectslv of the present invention is to produce a gear or other element that will have the qualities of silence in action, of strength, of ri idity or inlexibility, of simplicity of manu acture and therefore c eapness. To attain these and other objects form and in the manner which will hereinafter appear.

The invention in a broad' sense consistsof a gear or analogous machine element composed of a plurality of thin layers or laminae of 'fl'erent materials su stances, such for example as muslin, cork, leather, rawhide, paper, metalol, silk, brass, etc.Y

A' further objectpf my invention is to enable the employment ofthe materials men embodying my invention is there disclosed. tioned so as to retain all the good qualities lThis consists primarily of numerous laminze of the respective materials, and to avoid the o different materials intimatelv associated objectionable qualities, such as the swelling into a substantially unitary element. which sometimes occurs in gears built of there may be non-metallic layers A alter nated with metallic layers B, the latter -be ing distinguished in Fig. 5 by appearing as a heavier or darker line. No set relative proportions are required of metallic and non-metallic laminae, but I prefer to employ one metallic lamina B' alternated with a plurality of non-metallic laminas', this being indicated in Fig.' 5.' A` morespecific arrangement of the laminas will be described inconnectlion lwith the other figures. In the completed gear allof the layers or larnin are to be permanently held together to form a unitary W'h'ole, and I prefer' for thls purpose to employ devices such as bolts C havo f reference designate cor- 1n the several gures of the gear surface; and preferably the metal laminaev will' be much fewer than the non.- metallic lamin; whereby the resulting surface will be entirely non-metallic and have I the gear retains thc desired strength and infiexibility. his particular construction of gear prefer to yproduce by a method involving the I 4o grate is in other respects completed.

1o Obviouslyv the dierent ciples of the invention, diameter of the part E,

or bore of the assembled laminae, and the exl5 ternal diameter of the completed gear.

Itiwill be perceived that the metal laminasJ B are slightly smaller or less in area than hat the metal at all the other laminas, so t points stands slightlybelow the non-metallic surface.

and is yone of the main ob]ects already r e cited of the present some cases the invention might as to some of its features without making the difference referred to Ybetween the me- -tallic and non-metallic laminas.

At regular intervals in These lines f designate the built up of blanks. for example, be that use of such blanks is marked F Fig. 5.

35. be hereinafter described.

Instead of making up the gear Fig. 5 by assembling therein sin of metal, cork, muslin,

as follows, namely, a number. of'thin layers various materials into a suitable from) a number o a gear or other machine element.

While the choice of materials may be va- -ried, I have taken sheet steel, cork and muslin as constituting a typical .example of an In assemblingI embodiment of my invention.

non-metallic to each'lay'e'r stance; and between each 50 lows, namely, c orka, muslina, muslin o', cork a. With 'this arrangementthe entire steel, cork,

diameters may be altered as desired without affecting the prin` namely the interior theinterior diameter Fig. 5 are seen lines marked f which are heavier or darker than thelines representing'the laminas B. division lines be. tween the several blanks -when the gear is One of .the blanks will,

in connection with my novel method of constructing a gear, as 'w' shown in 1e layers tc., I'pre er to opby first assembling or laminas of t e sheet or strip `an then punching from such sheet. or strip by dies (or in some cases cutting theref similar blanks. Figs. l and' la indicate the built-up sheets of matedescribe their construcfully to to blanks to form these I prefer to have several layers of th of metallic subtwo metallic layers-B the non-metallic layers' may be as folmay consist of cork, muslin, muslin, muslin, d throughout the be obtaine the sheet Gr of As ing only one set of laminae, namely, muslin,

cork, steel, cork, muslin.

Otherwise than in the order andarrangement of the laminas, the sheets Gr land may be varied in obvious ways, although I prefer that each .of the thin layers shall be continuous rather than discontinuous or perforated, and I prefer also that all of the layers shall be intimately associated and secured together by cementing.

In using the word lamina in connection be in their nature somewhat or having such thickness as resistance apart the other layers. of the layer maybe I prefer that each layer shall bewithin a few hundredths 'of an inch, and the specific dimensions thatI prefer in the described instance of my invention are as follows: each layer of cork .02 inch, each and of steel .O1 inch. With these dimensions the total thickness be .42 inch, whereas that shown in-Fig. 1a will be .07 inch. .y My improved gear is superior to any heretofore known gear in the qualities previously referred to. By being built up of a great number of very'thin layers or laminas my gear for example is'rendered far superior to a'gear of similar dimensions composed of relatively few layers ofthick materials such as leather, rawhide and metal, for that the latter among other things is subject 'to more 'or less objectionable swellfrom its association with The order of the' thinness The any sensible swelling of the soft layers, while the latter will in turn deaden all sonorous qualities of the steel layers.

I prefer to construct a my invention bythe following novel ste s: Beginning with the sheets or strips G or I will first produce therefrom ta number of blanks such as- F, FigJQ. These blanks will preferably be made by stamping the composite sheet material. are provided with the teeth ."f, and central bore fand they are therefore ready for assemblage.

the

The blanks may be brought 1 each r.other by by Say, three Fig. la which is ,thinner havwith the layers of material, Imean that the ing of the soft material, while owing to the the sound and alternate'so frequently as to preclude gear embodying bolt holes j? A proper number. of such' blanks will be taken for "assemblage `-12E gear; for example eight y blanks. cutv from* assembled to 'form' the gear described by stating that j layer of muslin i sheet indicated in Fig. 1 .will in ioc them' from These blanks equally distributed bars fitting into toothed spaces, and the end plates D when they are toothed may also be assembled in the jig with the blanks. This assemblage of blanks and end plates will then be subject to a sufficient and assemblage, the bolts C being very carequent contraction thereof. The nuts c are then immediately drawn up tightly so that when the bolts have been cooled they will clamp the parts ofthe gear together with a shrink t. `A result of this method and. assemblage' is that the non-metallic layers A, which are softer than the metallic layers B and are considerably thicker will be displaced by the compression, flattened and forced laterally outward to some degree so that in the assembled and compressed gear the non-metallic portions will stand distinctly, though slightly farther out from the metallic laminas, as clearly indicated in Fig. 5. Also in Fig. 3 are seen the outstanding layers A. This effect will be further promoted to a small extent by the action upon the soft layers of the die mechanism which punches out the blanks F.

The end plates D, it should be said, may

be circular: in outline so as to form shrouds for the gear, but I prefer to construct said end plates with teeth d, Fig. 3, and of the same size as the steel laminas B, so that said teeth d, as well as the laminas B, will stand lslightly below the non-metallic contact surface of the gear.

Fig. 4 shows in an enlarged view a cross section of the upper left-hand corner of Fig. 5, and here will\ be more plainly seen the relations of the different laminat The metallic laminas B and the teeth d of the end plates will be seen to be on a line with each other, while the non-metallic laminas are shown as having been soueezed or displaced upwardly beyond the metallic portions. This figure is also intended to show the manner in which the different projecting nonmetallic laminas tend to consolidate themselves into a uniform contact surface, as seen at A', the metal being entirely buried and concealed and the Contact surface being uniform and non-metallic. There are therefore no spaces, openings or breaks in the contact surface at the points where the metallic laminac are situated, and this very important advantage is one of those attained by the feature of my such extremely thin lamin, the steel sheet worn, .the overlyin may dlsappear an may come to the binding pressure to enable the bolt holes to be reamed out to insure accurate fit holes. This being done additional extremely heavy pressure blanks between the before the presgear with the steel will be inserted,

than the latter,

invention which provides for B being only .01 of an inch in thickness. At the same time such laminae are provided at sufficiently frequent intervals to give the gear the requisite strength and infiexibility.

When the gear4 becomes substantially non-metallic surface A the sheet steel laminas B surface; at which point the gear may be discarded as any extenslvely worn gear would be discarded, or it might be continued in use notwithstanding the exposure of the edges of the steel laminae. The laminas exposed would ofy the advantages and still possess many the features of my imembody certain of provements.

The several different non-metallic laminas,

namely four of them, located between each two of the metallic laminae, may beA considered as together forming a'layer which with the dimensions above inch in thickness. Th

given would be .06 1s non-metallic materlal between each two metallic lamin is preferably built up as stated, but might c onsist of a single non-metallic piece constituting what might be calleda relatively thick lamina.

Manyk obvious changes in proportions, sizes, materlals and detalls of constructlon may be made within the' scope of my invention, and I do not intend to limit the same except in such respects as are set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim ters Patent is:

1. The method of manufacturing gear wheels by assembling in line many laminas comprising non-metallic laminas alternated with periodic compressing them to force outwardly the non-metallic material beyond the metallic lamin, and securing the whole together to form `the gear wheel. 2. A gear wheel having a construction which comprises a plurality of assembled blanks compressed and united into a single entity, each of the component blanks produced from a sheet built up of many lamin including metallic and non-metallic laminae.

-3. A gear wheel having a construction which comprises a plurality of assembled blanks compressed and united into a single entity, each of the component blanks produced from a sheet built up of many laminae including metallic and non-metallic laminac; the metallic laminae being periodically located and the non-metallic portions of the Wheel standing out beyond the metallic lamin.

4. A silent gear wheel composed of many laminac of different materials, having substantially the order of thinness specified, and alternated with each other and held intimately together to form a unitary` whole.

and desire to secure by Let-k metallic laminac, excessively' follows, namely,

is held under high compression causing the non-metallic material to stand farther out than the metal. I

10. A gear wheel or analogous 'machine element adapted to operatively engage another machine element, thesame constructe as follows, namely, built up of non-metallic material alternated with periodic metallic 5. A silent gear wheel composed of many laminae of dierent materials, having substantially the order of thinness specified, and alternated with each other and held intimately together to form a unitary whole, said laminac being principally non-metallic, but with periodic metallic laminae.

6. A silent gear wheel composed of many .laminae of different materia-ls alternated the form of laminas" of sound-deadening with each other and held intimately together to form a unitary whole, said laminae being character, there be' a plurality thereof beprmcipally non-metallic, but with periodic tween each two meta lic laminae, and means whereby the whole is held under high compression causing the non-metallic material to stand farther out than the metal.

11. A silent gear wheel composed laminas of diffe-rent materials alternated with each other yand held intimately together to form a unitary whole, said laminae being metallic laminae, the metallic laminae standing slightly below the contact surface.

7. A silent gear wheel composed of many laminas of different materials alternated with each other and held intimately together to form a unitary whole, said lamibut with nac being principally non-metallic,

periodic metallic laminate, meansy whereby principally'sound-deadening, but with perithe whole is held under high compression odio strength-giving laminae, the strengthgiving laminae standing slightly below the to cause the non-metallic material to stand p contact surface.

out above the metallic laminae.

8. A gear wheel or analogous machine element adapted to operatively engage another .machine element,the same constructed as built up of non-metallic material alternated with periodimetallic laminae, the non-metallic material being in the form of laminae of sound-deadening character, there being a plurality thereof between each two metallic lamin. y

9. A gear wheel or analogonsvmachine element adapted to operatively engage anelement adapted to operatively engage another machine element, the same constructed as follows, namely, built up of sound-deadening material alternated with periodic strength-giving metallic laminae, means whereby the whole is held under 'high compression causing the sound-dealxenng material to-stand farther out than t e metal.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence cf two witnesses.

' l #HENRY -H Ess.`

'other machine element, the same constructe y as follows, namely, built u of rigid nonl/Viatnessesz` metallic material alternat Y Awith periodic Na'r'rin L. HAHN,

C. L. MiCArLA.

metallic laminae, means whereby -the whole lamin, the non-metallic material being 1n of many 12. A gear wheel orV analogous machine 

